Perkins4016工業(yè)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機冷卻系統概述（冷卻系統）
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Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機冷卻系統概述
該發(fā)動(dòng)機有一種加壓冷卻系統。此冷卻系統有兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢。
•壓力有助于防止氣穴。
•沸騰的風(fēng)險降低。
沸點(diǎn)受三種因素影響：壓力，海拔和冷卻液中的乙二醇濃度。液體沸點(diǎn)隨著(zhù)壓力增加而增加。液體沸點(diǎn)隨著(zhù)海拔高度增加而降低。圖39顯示壓力和海拔對水的沸點(diǎn)的影響。
 
冷卻液沸點(diǎn)也取決于冷卻液的類(lèi)型和乙二醇的濃度。乙二醇濃度越大，沸點(diǎn)越高。但是，乙二醇傳熱效果不及水。因為沸點(diǎn)和傳熱的效率，乙二醇的濃度很重要。與冷卻系統相關(guān)的有三個(gè)基本故障
•過(guò)熱
•冷卻液損失
•過(guò)冷
如果冷卻系統沒(méi)有正確保養，如結垢和沉淀物等固體會(huì )降低冷卻系統的傳熱的能力。發(fā)動(dòng)機工作溫度會(huì )升高。
當發(fā)動(dòng)機超載時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機將在拖動(dòng)狀態(tài)下運轉。當發(fā)動(dòng)機在拖動(dòng)狀態(tài)下運轉，也即發(fā)動(dòng)機在較低的轉速下運轉，這樣降低了冷卻液液流。在高負載下減少冷卻液液流將引起過(guò)熱。泄漏使冷卻液缺失。過(guò)熱的冷卻液可通過(guò)冷卻系統壓力安全閥溢出。較低的冷卻液液位也會(huì )產(chǎn)生過(guò)熱。過(guò)熱導致象缸蓋裂紋和活塞粘缸現象發(fā)生。
缸蓋或氣缸套裂紋將迫使廢氣進(jìn)人冷卻系統。額外的壓力引起'冷卻液丟失、水泵氣穴、冷卻液循環(huán)量少和進(jìn)一步的過(guò)熱。
過(guò)冷是冷卻液旁通水溫調節器的結果并直接流人散熱器或熱交換器。在低環(huán)境溫度下低負載工作可能引起過(guò)冷。過(guò)冷由水溫調節器保持打開(kāi)引起的。過(guò)冷降低工作效率。過(guò)冷使發(fā)動(dòng)機機油快速污染。這樣導致曲軸箱形成油泥，氣門(mén)積炭。加熱和冷卻循環(huán)過(guò)快可能導致氣缸蓋裂紋、密封墊故障、加速磨損和燃油消耗過(guò)量。如果懷疑冷卻系統有故障，在對系統進(jìn)行任何測試前，進(jìn)行目視檢查。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機機油冷卻器壓力測試
 
 
1．制作護板(1)。制作連有空氣管接頭的護板。
2．用干凈的熱水加注機油冷卻器．使水位在出口法蘭范圍內。
3．將新接頭安裝至護板(1)和(3)。將護板(1)和(3)安裝至機油冷卻器。
4．將壓縮空氣連接至機油冷卻器。使用工具(A)。將壓力設置為345 kPa (50 psi)o壓力應持續三分鐘保持穩定。
目視檢查
冷卻系統如果不進(jìn)行定期檢查就會(huì )引起發(fā)動(dòng)機溫度升高。在用測試設備進(jìn)行測試之前．先對冷卻系統進(jìn)行目視檢查。
警告：加壓的系統：熱的冷卻液能造成嚴重的燙傷。在發(fā)動(dòng)機停機．等待冷卻系統部件冷卻下來(lái)后再打開(kāi)冷卻系統加注口蓋。暖慢松開(kāi)冷卻系統加注口蓋，以釋放掉所有壓力。
1．檢查冷卻系統中的冷卻液液位。讀取位于散熱器（如有配備）上端的兩個(gè)冷卻液液位指示儀指示的液位位置。
2．查看冷卻系統有無(wú)滲漏。
3．查看芯件散熱片是否彎曲或散熱器散熱片之間有無(wú)碎屑（如有配備）。確保流過(guò)散熱器的空氣沒(méi)有阻塞。
4．檢查風(fēng)扇葉片是否損壞（如有配備）。
5．發(fā)動(dòng)機冷卻后，緩慢取下加注口蓋。這會(huì )使冷卻系統內的所有壓力釋放出來(lái)。檢查加注口蓋和氣密封表面。該表面必須清潔，密封必須無(wú)損。
6．檢查壓力安全閥。請聯(lián)系OEM了解更多信息。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機水溫調節器（節溫器）一測試
警告：熱的冷卻液、蒸汽和堿會(huì )造成人身傷害。在工作溫度下，發(fā)動(dòng)機冷卻液是熱的而且處在壓力下。散熱器和所有到加熱器的管路或發(fā)動(dòng)機中都有熱的冷卻液或蒸汽。與它們的任何接觸都會(huì )造成嚴重燙傷。只有當發(fā)動(dòng)機停機且散熱器蓋已經(jīng)冷卻到可以徒手觸摸時(shí)，再慢慢拆下過(guò)濾器蓋以釋放壓力。冷卻系統調節器含堿。應避免它與皮膚和眼睛接觸。
注：該信息僅適用于安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機上的淡水溫度調節器。
1．從發(fā)動(dòng)機上拆下水溫調節器。
2．在適當的容器內逐漸加熱冶卻液。
3．將水溫調節器懸掛在冷卻液容器內。水溫調節器必須浸沒(méi)在容器中冷卻液面以下，但遠離容器四周和底部。
4．保持冷卻液處于正確溫度10分鐘。水溫調節器開(kāi)啟溫度為71.C。
5. 10分鐘后，取出水溫調節器。確保水溫調節器的閥完全開(kāi)啟。如果水溫調節器的閥不能在規定溫度下開(kāi)啟，更
換水溫調節器。更多信息，請參閱《操作和保養手冊》，“水溫調節器．更換”。
The cooling system of industrial diesel engine Perkins4016 (cooling system)
Important safety instructions
Perkins products operation, maintenance and repair of the most accidents, are caused by not Cui Shou basic safety rules or preventive measures. If you can recognize the various potential risk before the accident, the accident is often avoided. The risk potential, must be warned about the working personnel. Must also be for staff training. To acquire the necessary skills and normal use of tools.
Incorrect operation, small sliding, maintenance or repair the product is dangerous, and can cause personal injury.
You must read and understand the product operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information, to carry out the work.
In this manual and in the product is provided with safety precautions and warnings. If not pay attention to will cause personal injury to themselves or others to these warnings.
Hazard identification with "safety warning symbols" and "text", such as "dangerous", "warning" or "be careful". "Warning" stickers are shown as follows
The cooling system of Perkins4016 diesel engine
The engine has a compression and cooling system. The cooling system has two advantages.
• pressure helps to prevent cavitation.
• boiling to reduce risk.
Boiling point is affected by three factors: pressure, ethylene glycol concentration elevation and in cooling liquid. The boiling point of a liquid increases with the increase of pressure. The boiling point of a liquid decreases with the increasing altitude. Figure 39 shows the effect of pressure and altitude on the boiling point of water.
The concentration of coolant boiling point also depends on the cooling fluid type and ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol concentration, the higher boiling point. However, ethylene glycol heat transfer effect than water. Because the boiling and heat transfer efficiency, the concentration of ethylene glycol is very important. Associated with the cooling system has three basic fault
• overheating
• coolant loss
• cold
If the cooling system without proper maintenance, such as the ability to scale and sediment and other solid will reduce the heat transfer of the cooling system. Engine operating temperature will rise.
When the engine is overloaded, the engine will run in the driving condition. When the engine is running in the driving state, namely the engine running at low speed, thus reducing the coolant flow. Under the high load reduced coolant flow will cause overheating. Leakage cause coolant loss. Coolant overheating by cooling system pressure relief valve overflow. Coolant level low will cause overheating. Overheating occurred as a crack in the cylinder head and piston cylinder sticking phenomenon.
Cylinder head or cylinder liner crack will force the exhaust gas into the cooling system. Additional pressure caused by 'loss of coolant, pump cavitation, cooling fluid circulation quantity and further overheating.
Cold is the coolant temperature regulator and bypass the direct flow radiator or heat exchanger. Under low ambient temperature low load operation may cause cold. Cooling by water temperature regulator is kept open by. Too cold to reduce work efficiency. A cold engine oil rapid pollution. This leads to the crankcase to form sludge, valve deposits. The heating and cooling cycle too fast may lead to cylinder head gasket failure, crack, accelerated wear and excessive fuel consumption. If you suspect that the cooling system failure, in any testing of the system, visual inspection.
Perkins diesel engine oil cooler pressure test
1 making protective plate (1). Making even the air pipe plate joint.
2 hot water filling oil cooler clean. The water level in the outlet flange range.
3 new joint installation to guard plate (1) and (3). The protection plate (1) and (3) mounted to the oil cooler.
4 the compressed air is connected to the oil cooler. Use the tool (A). Set the pressure to 345 kPa (50 psi) O pressure should last three minutes remained stable.
Visual inspection
The cooling system without regular inspection will cause the engine temperature. Before the test by the test equipment. To perform a visual inspection of the cooling system.
Warning: the pressurized system: the hot coolant can cause severe burns. In the engine stop. Wait for the cooling system components to cool down after the open cooling system filler cap. Warm slowly loosen cooling system filler cap, to release all pressure.
Coolant level 1 checking the cooling system. Reading is located in the radiator (if equipped) level position at the top of the two coolant level indicator.
2 check the cooling system without leakage.
3 see the core piece of radiating fin is bent or radiator fins are free of debris (if equipped). Ensure that the flow through the radiator air without obstruction.
4 check the fan blade is damaged (if equipped).
The 5 engine cooling, slowly remove the filler flap. This will make all the pressure in the cooling system release. Check the filler cap and sealing surface. The surface must be clean, the seal must be lossless.
6 check the pressure safety valve. Please contact OEM for more information.
Perkins diesel engine water temperature regulator (thermostat) test
Warning: the cooling liquid, steam and alkali heat will cause personal injury. At operating temperature, engine coolant is hot and under pressure. The radiator and all to the heater pipe or the engine is hot coolant or steam. Any contact with them can cause serious burns. Only when the engine is shut down and the radiator cap has cooled to hand can touch, and then slowly remove the oil filter cover to release the pressure. Cooling system conditioner containing alkali. It should avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Note: this information applies only to fresh water temperature is installed in the engine

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